Syllogisms

So, I was reading through Dr. Craig's book "Reasonable Faith" and in the first chapter, Dr. Craig has a brief discussion on the Syllogism. For those who don't know what a syllogism is, its a logical argument with this form

Major premise: All humans are mortal
Minor premise: Socrates is human
Conclusion: Socrates is mortal

Its a wonderful way of proving things, because the validity of a syllogism is so easy to check.
The first way to look for problems is to check the validity of the premises. For instance, if all men are not, in fact, mortal, then the Major premise is false, and therefore the conclusion is invalid (it may be true for other reasons, but that syllogism wouldn't prove it).

The second way to look for problems is to check that the Conclusion follows from the premises. For instance, a classic example of a flawed syllogism is:

Major premise: All cats are mortal
Minor premise: Socrates was mortal
Conclusion: Socrates was a cat

In this case, the linking term (i.e. mortality) is non-exclusive. There are things that are mortal that are not cats, so from the fact that Socrates was mortal the conclusion he was a cat does not follow.

The beauty of the syllogism is in the power and simplicity of the well-written syllogism, and its explanatory power. For instance, one of Dr. Craig's favorite syllogisms is one called the "Kalam Cosmological Argument" for the existence of God. It goes as follows:

Major premise: All things that have a beginning have a cause
Minor premise: The universe had a beginning
Conclusion: The universe had a cause

In fact, a syllogism does not need to stay in isolation, the conclusion of one may be a minor premise of another, for instance, the above syllogism only proves a "cause," not "God," but we can safely write this:

Major premise: Before the universe began, Time, matter, and space did not exist
Minor premise: The universe had a cause
Conclusion: The "Cause" exists outside of time, space, and matter.

At this point, we now have a "Transcendent" cause that exists outside the material world, we still have a long way to go to get to the God of the bible, but for many people, this is a huge step, and confirms a dualistic view of things (a material realm and a spiritual "transcendant" realm).

I was thinking recently about these ideas, and I've been able to start phrasing other things as syllogisms, and its been extremely helpful in seeing how things fit together. For instance, St. Augustine, in trying to figure out the Trinity, how One God can be Three persons, he came up with an argument based on the idea that "God is Love". He reasoned that if god is an eternal being, and he has always been love (i.e. He didnt start being "love" when he created the unvierse), he MUST have an equally eternal being to be the object of his love, His Son. In other words, the existence of a Loving God necessitates a co-eternal God to be loved, just as the existence of physics necessitates the existence of mathematics. I recently noticed that this line of thinking can be "syllogized" this way:

Major premise: Love Requires an Object to be Loved
Minor premise:God Is Love (1 John 4:16)
Conclusion: God must have an object of his Love

Major premise: God exists outside of space, time, and matter (See above Syllogism)
Minor premise: God must have an object of his love
Conclusion: God must have an object of his love outside of space, time, and matter

(The above syllogism works when you understand God Is Love is an eternal statement, i.e. God Is Love, not God Became Love)

We call this object of his love "Jesus," or the "Son of God". The existence of God the Father necessitates the existence of God the Son.

Ideas, Christianity, and the University

I headed over to Dr. Craig's website for (I'm ashamed to say) the first time this afternoon and picked through a few articles. Here's an excerpt from one that I'd like to share:

"In order to shape the thought structures of society so as to foster a cultural milieu that allows a place for the Christian worldview as an intellectually viable option, we must influence the university. I say this because the single most important institution shaping Western culture is the university. It is at the university that our future political leaders, our journalists, our lawyers, our teachers, our business executives, our artists, will be trained. It is at the university that they will formulate or, more likely, simply absorb the worldview that will shape their lives. And since these are the opinion-makers and leaders who shape our culture, the worldview that they imbibe at the university will be the one that shapes our culture. If we change the university, we change our culture through those who shape culture. If the Christian worldview can be restored to a place of prominence and respect at the university, it will have a leavening effect throughout society.

But that implies that popular-level apologetics aimed at the masses will not do the job. Only scholarly level apologetics aimed at specialists in the various academic disciplines will be capable of changing the university and so ensuring lasting cultural change. Machen observed that many people in his day "would have the seminaries combat error as it is taught by its popular exponents" instead of confusing students "with a lot of German names unknown outside the walls of the university." But, Machen insisted, the scholarly method of procedure

'. . . is based simply upon a profound belief in the pervasiveness of ideas. What is to-day matter of academic speculation begins to-morrow to move armies and pull down empires. In that second stage, it has gone too far to be combated; the time to stop it was when it was still a matter of impassionate debate. So as Christians we should try to mould the thought of the world in such a way as to make the acceptance of Christianity something more than a logical absurdity.'"

I think this is a deep, resounding call to America and to the modern Christian church. The immense volumes of scholarly progress over the past two millennia centering around the relation of man and God are all for naught if the current trends in culture continue. How is scholarship on Christianity viewed publicly? The answer to that question, at least for most people, would probably be "what scholarship?"

What happens when the power of ideas intersects with the power of the living God? Think about it...

Big Questions Week at Georgia Tech Video

Sneering Is Not an Argument

Much of atheistic rhetoric these days comes off as a collective sneer at the idea of theism or intelligent design. From my experience, atheists often forgo cogent arguments in favor of mocking, rather than arguing against, the existence and revelation of a God. Such proved to be the case in the debate last night between Christopher Hitchens and Jay Wesley Richards at Stanford University. Hitchens is the author of God Is Not Great, and Richards is co-author of The Privileged Planet and a senior fellow of the Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture.

Read the story from the Stanford Daily, or read his book, and you will see that Hitchens is one of those argument-less atheists. He presents no coherent arguments of his own, and in fact addresses very few of Richards's points. In fact, in response to Richards's arguments from cause-and-effect and irreducible complexity, Hitchens simply asks if he believes in the virgin birth and resurrection of Christ. When Richards answers "yes," he is dismissed out-of-hand.

Melinda over at Stand to Reason makes some very good points about Hitchens's debate:

This is, of course, a dodge of the arguments Richards had offered. He apparently made no attempt to answer them and stay on topic. And what does belief in the virgin birth have to do with the rationality of Richards' evidence for ID? Rational people often have some irrational beliefs. Citing the latter doesn't defeat the former.

Let me say it again: a sneer is not an argument. While it may get you by in the arena of public opinion, it says very little (in fact, less than nothing) of the truth of your claims. This new generation of atheists is going to have to do a little better if they are to engage theists on an intellectual level.

A Vision for Veritas

A lot of people have begun to ask, "What do you want to accomplish?", "Why are you doing this?", and so on. The first time I was asked this question was when I was new to Veritas. I was taken back--not because I didn't know the answers, but because I realized the great need to be able to answer these questions very well. I can't ever give a half-hearted answer to these types of questions.

Our team sat down and had a bit of a vision session two weeks ago. We asked ourselves some big questions: "Where do we want to be in two years? What will Veritas have become? What will the culture of campus be like? What impact do we want to make as The Veritas Forum?"

Then, even more challenging, were the short-term questions: "How will we get there? What are we doing now that will help us accomplish this?" The challenge of answering these questions proved healthy to keep our goals in the forefront of our minds. After several such sessions, I believe we really know what it is that we can accomplish and desire to accomplish as an organization.

Now, I know you're asking, "So what did you come up with, specifically?" So I'm going to share.
Our long term goal is to establish a culture of investigation and open dialogue among Christians and non-Christians on campus about the most challenging questions. We will put on events and provide resources that will allow people to interact with Truth. We want to be an organization that people look toward for hope (that they would see/feel the Truth of Jesus), and to be an organization that unites Christian ministries on campus behind a common initiative of spreading the Truth and brilliance of Jesus. We hope to be a pre-evangelistic ministry that would bring non-Christians to the point of realizing the plausibility of God's existence and the Bible's inspiration. Then we hope to hook these people in with a campus ministry where they can be ministered to and eventually have a personal and relational encounter with Jesus Christ.

Looking forward, our "Big Questions Week" in February will challenge our campus on a deeper philosophical level. We hope to coin the event "Big Questions Week" as an annual big event associated with Veritas. Alternatively, we hope to also engage students on a cultural level - a level where the truth of Christianity can interact with their emotions. We believe the truth of Christianity is not just intellectual, so, with that, we've planned an event in the fall about marriage. We are also trying to bring a drama to campus in the fall. It's really exciting to see where God is leading our planning.

Now when people ask us questions about our vision, it really becomes an opportunity to share our conviction, excitement, and love for truth. The results of expressing this well have already been remarkable.

In His Grace and Truth,

Stephen Kump
2008 Campus Director
Veritas Forum at Georgia Tech

Veritas Promo Video

A Question?

Onlookers and passersby may have been curious. Then again, it's a college campus! Regardless, last night's event would probably look strange to most.

In our Planning Team meeting this week, we had a very fruitful discussion. Part of the business discussed included an excited interchange of ideas about a chalking campaign to advertise to the campus. To those unfamiliar with the term, Georgia Tech students often advertise their clubs and events out on the public walkways with large, brightly-colored messages written with sidewalk chalk. Perhaps this strategy belies the quriky nature of what students stare at as they walk to and from classes? Anyway--chalking is one of the most common (and also, I would wager, effective) ways of communication and advertising on Tech's campus.

Our team (guided by Jason) decided to chalk the campus in 4 stages over the next 5 weeks. If our intentions succeed, the first week will only pique students' curiosity. Each stage will see a different message chalked on the sidewalks - and only in the last stage will we start advertising the dates and relevant information for the events of our forum.

But I'm getting ahead of myself! There we were: ten students, three cars, and four boxes of large chalk. It was half past midnight, and I'm sure a strange sight indeed. Anyone watching would have seen five guys cruising up to an intersection, hopping out, writing on the sidewalk, and racing back to the car to speed off towards the next location. But what did we write on the sidewalks? This time, only one simple symbol: a question mark. They were many colors and sizes, some shaded, some fat, and some tucked into strange places (for advertising). But as we packed up and headed back to our house, I reflected on the strange profundity of what we symbolically marked all over campus:

THE questions. Some may seem big, some small, but wherever you go, you can't run from them.

More pictures: http://andyjones.smugmug.com/gallery/4193758

Georgia Tech Big Questions Week Feb 08

Planning the first annual Georgia Tech Big Questions Week has been an adventure. The whole Veritas Forum Planning Team has experienced God's work in so many new ways and seen Him move obstacles all over the place to gather support for this February forum. The vision for the forum this time around came directly out of our responses from the exit survey at last year's event in which the campus told us loud and clear that Tech has enough science and wants to hear about issues surrounding morality.

By title I'm the Creative Events Coordinator, but in truth every one of us has been working overtime to get this event together and raise support, etc. We expect much more work to make it happen the way we envision it, but are always expecting God to work His miracles to go far beyond our expectations.

In future posts I hope to relate my experiences with my brothers in Christ with whom I've had the pleasure of working to plan this event. I also might share some of my theological, philosophical and moral/ethical questions and areas of interest in order to give an example of the sorts of questions that Tech students have and need answered. And also maybe to show some of the skeptics out there that there are, in fact, engineers and "sciency" people that fully believe in and follow Christ. I hope to post again very soon. And remember the Big Questions Week is February 18th through the 22nd at Georgia Tech. We'd love to see you there!